Acupuncture is a holistic health
technique that stems from Traditional Chinese Medicine practices in which
trained practitioners stimulate specific points on the body by inserting thin
needles into the skin.
Today acupuncture is one of the most
popular practices of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the West. TCM is a
complimentary health approach that first originated in ancient China more than
2,500 years ago and has been evolving ever since.
To treat a wide variety of diseases,
pain and stress-related symptoms, practitioners of TCM use holistic techniques
that include acupuncture, herbal medicines, tai chi, qi gong, massage therapy,
and various “mind and body practices.”
The use of acupuncture and other TCM
techniques has risen steadily in the U.S and other Western countries over the
past several decades. According to a large survey done on complementary health
approaches by the National Institute of Health in 2007, in the U.S. alone at
least 3.1 million people had tried acupuncture in 2007. The survey showed that
the number of visits to acupuncturists tripled between 1997 and 2007. (1)
The first
question most people ask me is, “Does acupuncture hurt?”
Surprisingly, although needles are
used in acupuncture, treatments are relatively pain-free. In fact, one of the
most popular uses of acupuncture is to reduce chronic pain throughout the body
in a natural way, without the need for medications that can cause unwanted side
effects.
Most of the studies investigating acupuncture
to date have examined whether acupuncture can safely reduce pain. However, it’s
expected that in the next several years, researchers will continue to study
whether or not it might help with other conditions, too – including anxiety,
depression, inflammation, hot flashes, side effects of chemotherapy and
insomnia.
What Is
Acupuncture Able to Treat?
Currently, acupuncture is used to
treat conditions like:
muscle spasms and pain
chronic back problems and pain
headaches, including reducing the frequency
and intensity of migraines
neck pain
osteoarthritis
knee pain
allergies
digestive problems
mood, depression
Is Acupuncture
Safe?
The National Institute of Health
does consider acupuncture to be “generally considered safe when performed by an
experienced, well-trained practitioner using sterile needles.” (3) However,
it’s important to always go to a practitioner that is well-trained in
acupuncture as well as to a facility that is very careful about using clean
needles — improperly performed acupuncture and/or contaminated needles can pose
a big risk.
The good news is that the FDA
regulates acupuncture needles as medical devices and requires that the needles
be “sterile, nontoxic, and labeled for single use by qualified practitioners
only.” To date, there have been very few complications reported from the use of
acupuncture needles, so the risk is thought to be very low. This doesn’t mean
that risk doesn’t exist, however, because some serious side effects have
occurred when non-sterile needles have been used.
As far as how much acupuncture is
needed before seeing results, firm clinical guidelines have yet to be
established. Acupuncture is usually recommended as a complimentary treatment
method — as something to try in addition to other pain management techniques,
such as physical therapy, exercise and reducing inflammation through a healthy
diet.
Acupuncture
Benefits
1. Helps Reduce
Headaches and Migraines
In 2009, after researchers from the
Center for Complementary Medicine at the University of Munich reviewed over 11
studies involving 2,137 acupuncture patients, they concluded that acupuncture
“could be a valuable non-pharmacological tool in patients with frequent chronic
tension-type headaches.”
The review looked at multiple
clinical trials comparing the effects of acupuncture sessions to “sham”
(placebo-type of acupuncture) sessions and to receiving no treatment at all for
the relief of migraine headache pain. In particular, both the group that had
needles randomly placed and the group that had strategically placed needles
experienced a reduction in headache symptoms.
The control group did not experience any change.
However, in the followup survey, the
group that had the real acupuncture treatment continued to have both a decrease
in the number of headache days and headache pain intensity.
2. Improves
Chronic Pain, Including for the Back, Neck, Knee or Arthritis Pain
Acupuncture was proven to be more
effective for improving chronic back pain than no acupuncture treatment in a
2006 study done by the University Medical Center of Berlin. In patients with
chronic low back pain, there was a significant difference in pain reported
between groups of patients receiving acupuncture over eight weeks versus those not
receiving any treatment.
Even more impressive is a 2012 study
done by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
aimed to determine the effect of acupuncture for four chronic pain conditions:
back and neck pain, arthritis, chronic headache and shoulder pain.
The researchers reviewed clinical
trials involving over 17,000 patients, and the results showed that patients
receiving acupuncture had less pain than patients in the placebo control group
for back and neck muscle aches and pain, osteoarthritis, and chronic headaches.
(6) The conclusion was that acupuncture is effective for the treatment of
chronic pain and is “more than just a placebo effect, therefore it’s a
reasonable referral option for doctors.”
3. Helps Treat
Insomnia
Beijing University of Chinese
Medicine conducted a large meta-analyses in 2009 that showed a beneficial
effect of acupuncture on reducing insomnia symptoms, compared with no
treatment. (7) The analysis found that in patients who were taking medications
or herbal treatments to help with sleep, adding acupuncture therapy showed
better effects than taking the medications or herbs alone.
Another benefit was that unlike many
sleep medications, the acupuncture sessions had no adverse side effects at all.
4. Improves
Cancer and Chemotherapy Recovery
According to the National Cancer
Institute, several studies show that acupuncture can help boost immunity and
speed up recovery following cancer treatments. One randomized trial, for
example, found that acupuncture treatment enhanced immunity, platelet count and
prevented a decrease in healthy cells after radiation therapy or chemotherapy
when compared to receiving no acupuncture. (8)
Researchers reported that the
patients in both acupuncture treatment groups also experienced less pain from
treatments, improvements in quality of life and a decrease in various negative
side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea.
5. Helps to
Prevent Cognitive Decline
Some early research has showing new
information about the effectiveness of
acupuncture on Parkinson’s. Studies show that can relieve age-related
cognitive decline symptoms as it generates a neural response in areas of the
brain — such as the putamen and the thalamus — that are particularly affected
by Parkinson’s disease.
In a 2002 study done by the
Department of Neurology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, after
20 Parkinson’s patients were treated with acupuncture for 16 sessions, 85
percent of patients reported subjective improvements of individual symptoms,
including tremor, walking, handwriting, slowness, pain, sleep, depression and
anxiety. There were no adverse effects. (9)
6. Pregnancy,
Labor & Postpartum Health
Many doctors are now recommending
acupuncture as a treatment to reduce stress, balance hormones, and ease the
anxiety and pain of pregnancy and labor.
It’s considered a safe treatment for
many of the common symptoms during pregnancy — to ease the physical and
emotional strain on the body — as well as after the baby is born to help with
any mood, depression, mental or physical symptoms the mother may experience. It
can even be used right before the baby is due to prepare the body for labor.
NOTE: There are a few acupuncture
points that a trained acupuncturist will avoid during pregnancy. So, I always
recommend doing your homework and making sure that your acupuncturist is
properly licensed for the best care. (10, 11)
Acupuncture
Points
Acupuncture points, or “acupoints,”
are specific locations on the body that are the focus of acupuncture
treatments. TCM explains acupuncture as a technique for “balancing the flow of
energy or life force,” and that energy can be reached by stimulating small
specific channels on the body.
TCM practitioners believe that there
is a flow, known as “qi” or “chi,” that is located in certain “meridians”
throughout the body. Chi is thought to be what separates the sick from the
healthy — and when chi is not balanced, illness, pain, poor sleep, and fatigue
can all occur.
There are 14 major energy-channel meridians on
the body, with hundreds of points located along each meridian where acupuncture
needles are inserted.
These include some 360 different
points on the hands, arms, feet, head, back and over the major organs. The
belief is that by inserting needles lightly into certain points on the body,
the chi flow can be tapped into and the patient’s energy can be rebalanced.
Acupuncture points tend to be
located where nerves enter a muscle, the midpoint of a muscle, or at a point
where muscle joins with bone.
Some of the major acupuncture
meridians include:
Lung Meridian
Large Intestine Meridian
Stomach Meridian
Spleen Meridian
Heart Meridian
Small Intestine Meridian
Urinary Bladder Meridian
Kidney Meridian
Liver Meridian
How Does Acupuncture Work?
Acupuncture is considered to be a family
of procedures, not one single exact approach to pain or disease management. All
acupuncture practices involve the stimulation of specific points on the body
using a variety of techniques, usually needles. The type of acupuncture that
has been studied most so far in clinical, scientific research settings is the
type that uses thin, solid, metal needles to lightly puncture the skin.
Acupuncture is usually done by hand,
with a trained practitioner carefully inserting the needles into specific
points in the body very shallowly into the skin. Normally about 10 to 20 thin
needles are used at one time. The needles are small enough to fit inside of a
normal-sized needle that would be used to take blood, making the process pretty
painless for most people.
There are also types of acupuncture
that use light electrical stimulations that flow through the needles, or no
needles at all. For example, acupressure is often thought of as simply
“acupuncture without the needles” and uses targeted massage-type techniques to
stimulate energy in the body by pressing on certain points.
What Will I
Experience?
An acupuncture session works
something like this:
First, the acupuncturist will speak
with the patient about their pain and health-related goals.
Then they will usually look at the
patient’s tongue and press on their vital organs to see if there is anything
noticeable contributing to an imbalance.
The acupuncturist will then use
sterile, disposable small needles and will place them along specific
“meridians” on the body.
The acupuncturist will check for
“pulses” on the body by gently placing their fingers or hand on the patient’s
body to feel how the patient’s energy is flowing. Redness can also occur around
a needle site, and this is thought to be a sign that as energy is not balanced
in that area.
The needles will usually stay in for
a short period of time while the patent’s energy is reworking and balancing
itself.
After the needles are removed, the
patient can go about their day and are usually advised to drink plenty of water
in an effort to help the detoxifying process.
Is Acupuncture a Viable Therapy
Option?
Yes, especially for chronic pain and
the benefits listed above. While there is more research that needs to be done
in other areas, the studies already completed show health benefits both from
the needle insertion and also from the strategic placement of these
needles. It seems to work best as a
companion to other treatments — as it connects the body in a way that other
natural treatments are more effective. (12)
While there are some studies that
show the effect of pain control is the same for those receiving just a random
needle therapy as opposed to strategic acupuncture, those receiving the
strategic acupuncture show lasting relief. There are also theories suggesting
that the body’s system is also stimulated by the needle prick itself and
triggers the body to begin the healing process and release endorphins which
inhibit pain.
Pain is a reciprocating signal from
the brain to the body — and from the body to the brain — telling it that
something is wrong. The more pain the body feels, the more it expects and can
experience that pain. While often there is a real reason for pain, often the
experience of the pain can be debilitating more than the actual cause of the dysfunction.
Eventually, most people with chronic
pain — due to the unceasing nature of pain and/or the increase of pain — become
desensitized to pain medication, so that the body needs more and more. Not only
is the pain medication damaging to the body because it increases inflammation,
but it also has a host of other side effects that increase with prolonged use.
(13)
Acupuncture is a promising solution
to the chronic pain sufferers that have come to expect pain and thus experience
heightened levels of pain and trauma.
As with many natural therapies,
including new mainstream mind-body awareness therapies, how the patient
perceives and receives the treatment can influence the benefits. This is why
focused breathing, bio-feedback, and other alternative treatments are now being
implemented in mainstream medicine.
Whether acupuncture is a treatment
of the nerve systems and pathways, or whether it’s training the brain to
experience less pain, either way, the long-term benefits and low risk of side
effects makes it a viable treatment option in my book.



